If you have ever looked into language learning, you’ve probably come across different international standards for measuring language proficiency. CEFR, ILR, ACTFL—what do all these acronyms mean, and how do they compare? Let’s break them down so you can see which one makes the most sense for you and your learning journey.
The three big players!
First up: The CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages)
The CEFR system is like the “rockstar” of language standards as it is widely recognized across Europe and it is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, for instance most universities in the world with international courses will use this system.
It divides language proficiency into six levels:
- A1 & A2: Basic User (Think: ordering coffee, introducing yourself)
- B1 & B2: Independent User (You can hold conversations, understand TV shows)
- C1 & C2: Proficient User (Basically, you’re a language wizard)
Next: The ILR (Interagency Language Roundtable)
The ILR system is primarily used by the U.S. government, especially in diplomacy and military settings. It focuses on the specific skills needed for professional use in government or international contexts. Unlike the CEFR, this system uses numbered levels, plus a “+” for partial progress:
- Level 0: No proficiency
- Level 1: Elementary
- Level 2: Limited working proficiency
- Level 3: Professional working proficiency
- Level 4: Full professional proficiency
- Level 5: Native or bilingual proficiency
Last but not least, the ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages)
The ACTFL system focuses on assessing functional language skills in real-world situations. It is popular in academic settings in the U.S. It uses a scale that is similar to the ILR, however it includes sub-levels, or subcategories, which provide a more detailed breakdown for tracking progress. Basically, it breaks skills into ten levels, from Novice Low and Intermediate to Advanced or Superior levels.
How do they compare?
We know, this may seem a bit confusing, but don’t worry! Here’s a rough comparison that will give you a general idea of how they match up:
- A1 (CEFR) = ILR 1 = Novice Mid (ACTFL)
- B2 (CEFR) = ILR 3 = Advanced Mid (ACTFL)
- C2 (CEFR) = ILR 5 = Distinguished (ACTFL)
Which one should you prioritize?
While all three systems are valuable and exist for a reason, the one you focus on really depends on your personal and professional goals. Let us make is even easier for you:
- Are you thinking about going to Europe or to an international University for that Master’s program you’ve been dreaming of? Then you better focus on the CEFR to determine your proficiency level.
- Did you get that job offer you applied for in the U.S. Government or in a military field? If so, then the IRL standard is key!
- Forget Europe, you want to apply to a U.S. based university or school? Keep it local with the ACTFL standard!
At the end of the day, understanding these frameworks is helpful, but what really matters is your ability to communicate confidently. At inlingua Utah, we prioritize real-world language skills that go beyond labels—helping you speak, understand, and connect in meaningful ways.
So what are you waiting for? Contact us if you want us to help you prepare for your language certification!
